CS504 FINALTERM CURRENT PAPER SOLUTION 


large and complex system ko handle krny ka best treeqa knsa hai?


Large and complex systems are best handled through modularization for clear component separation and encapsulation, coupled with agile practices for iterative development and continuous improvement.


phase of software development?
  1. Requirement Gathering
  1. Analysis
  1. Design
  1. Implementation
  1. Testing
  1. Deployment
  1. Maintenance

Explain the process which discover the number of defect with minimum number of resources?


Statistical sampling is used, selecting a representative subset of the system or product for rigorous testing. By analyzing the defects found in this sample, an estimate of the overall defect count can be made efficiently, minimizing resource usage.


Five views of krutchen architecture.
  1. Logical View: Describes the system's high-level functionality and its interactions with users and other systems.
  1. Process View: Focuses on the dynamic aspects, showing the processes and how they communicate.
  1. Development View: Addresses the software organization, modules, components, and their relationships.
  1. Physical View: Illustrates the system's physical deployment, including hardware and network elements.
  1. Scenarios (Use Cases): Demonstrates how the architecture behaves in response to different interactions and use cases.

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write the activities of the construction phase of the software development process?

 

construction activities are listed below.

 · Requirement Gathering

· Design Development

· Coding

 · Testing

 

Textual analysis being verb…?

 

Function and non function:

Function in software engineering refers to the specific tasks and features a software system must perform, while non-function (non-functional) aspects encompass qualities like performance, usability, security, and reliability that affect how well the system performs those tasks.

 

characters of well energed software

1.    Modularity

2.    Maintainability

3.    Scalability

4.    Reliability

5.    Usability

 

 

Thick and thin client server:

A thick client server setup involves a client application handling a substantial part of processing, while a thin client server offloads most processing to the server, relying on minimal client-side functionality.

 

Feasibility path through data flow graph

Feasibility path through a data flow graph involves tracing the flow of data from inputs to outputs to determine the viability of a software project, assessing technical, economic, and operational feasibility.

 

Coad peter methodology

The Coad-Peter methodology is a software development approach that emphasizes graphical modeling and object-oriented analysis and design to create robust and maintainable systems.

 

Give three relevant heading of “is” prefix:

1.    Isolated Testing Environments: Creating controlled environments for software testing that are separate from production systems to prevent interference.

2.    Isomorphic Web Applications: Developing web apps with code that can be executed both on the server and the client, enhancing performance and user experience.

3.    Isolation in Containerization: Implementing containerization technologies like Docker to encapsulate applications and their dependencies for efficient deployment and management

 

types of ntier architecture

1.    Three-Tier Architecture: Divided into presentation, logic, and data tiers.

2.    Four-Tier Architecture: Adds a separate client tier for improved scalability and flexibility.

3.    Multi-Tier Architecture: Involves more than four tiers, accommodating complex applications with specialized layers.

 

Uses of development view:

development view describes the static organization of the software in its development environment,

1.    Collaboration: Allowing developers to work concurrently on various components, fostering teamwork.

2.    Module Design: Defining module boundaries, responsibilities, and interfaces for effective development.

3.    Code Organization: Structuring codebase and facilitating version control for maintainability.

4.    Task Allocation: Assigning development tasks and managing dependencies among team members 

Find the error in program:

 

Description of testing phase:

Unit testing – testing individual components independent of other components.

 • Module testing – testing a collection of dependent components – a module encapsulates related components so it can be tested independently.

• Subsystem testing – testing of collection of modules to discover interfacing problems among interacting modules.

 • System testing – after integrating subsystems into a system – testing this system as a whole.

• Acceptance test – validation against user expectations. Usually it is done at the client premises.

 • Alpha testing – acceptance testing for customized projects, in-house testing for products.

 • Beta testing – field testing of product with potential customers who agree to use it and report problem before system is released for general use

 

Loop error (subtype error)

Loop Errors · Loop errors break down into several different subtypes. · They occur around a loop construct in a program. · Infinite loops, off-by-one loops, and improperly exited loops. Symptoms · If your program simply locks up, repeatedly displays the same data over and over, or infinitely displays the same message box, you should immediately suspect an infinite loop error. · Off-by-one loop errors are quite often seen in processes that perform calculations. · If a hand calculation shows that the total or final sum is incorrect by the last data point, you can quickly surmise that an off-by-one loop error is to blame. · Likewise, if you were using graphics software and saw all of the points on the screen, but the last two were unconnected, you would suspect an off-by-one error.

Maximum limit in a single code line of cpp


In C++, there is no strict maximum limit to the length of a single code line specified by the language itself. You can technically have a very long line of code if needed. However, readability and maintainability are important factors to consider.

 

Different layers of layerd architecture:

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Data Layer